Using Assessment Evidence Formatively for Grades K-12

Any time a teacher collects evidence of what a learner knows or can do, they are engaging in an assessment. Assessments are not inherently formative or summative. In fact, the same assessment tool could be used in formative or summative ways. What makes an assessment formative is how and when it is used. When assessment data are used to make decisions about what should be taught next and how it should be taught, the assessment is formative in nature.

This guide presents a four-step process for using assessment evidence formatively: 

1. Set the purpose for learning
2. Collect evidence to check for understanding
3. Provide quality feedback
4. Determine next steps for instruction

Using this approach to teaching and learning, educators will be able to measure a learner’s progress during the period when a student is working toward mastery and use that information to determine next steps for instruction. It includes examples from both elementary and secondary classrooms.